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Description of Statistical Computation

Author's title

Author*The author of this computation has been verified*
R Software Modulerwasp_rwalk.wasp
Title produced by softwareLaw of Averages
Date of computationMon, 01 Dec 2008 16:07:19 -0700
Cite this page as followsStatistical Computations at FreeStatistics.org, Office for Research Development and Education, URL https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?v=date/2008/Dec/02/t1228172877wj3bb8k2c51rq28.htm/, Retrieved Tue, 20 Jan 2026 04:56:08 +0000
Statistical Computations at FreeStatistics.org, Office for Research Development and Education, URL https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=27514, Retrieved Tue, 20 Jan 2026 04:56:08 +0000
QR Codes:

Original text written by user:
IsPrivate?No (this computation is public)
User-defined keywords
Estimated Impact404

Tree of Dependent Computations

Family? (F = Feedback message, R = changed R code, M = changed R Module, P = changed Parameters, D = changed Data)
F     [Law of Averages] [Q1 1] [2008-11-30 21:04:21] [547636b63517c1c2916a747d66b36ebf]
-       [Law of Averages] [Q2 2] [2008-11-30 21:07:27] [547636b63517c1c2916a747d66b36ebf]
F         [Law of Averages] [Q1 3] [2008-11-30 21:10:02] [547636b63517c1c2916a747d66b36ebf]
-           [Law of Averages] [Q2_3] [2008-11-30 22:47:40] [6816386b1f3c2f6c0c9f2aa1e5bc9362]
F               [Law of Averages] [Non stationary ti...] [2008-12-01 23:07:19] [e4cb5a8878d0401c2e8d19a1768b515b] [Current]
Feedback Forum
2008-12-08 22:05:37 [Jeroen Michel] [reply] 
Bij het interpreteren van deze tijdreeksen is het inderdaad belangrijk om te weten dat er bij één worp telkens 50% kans bestaat om kop OF munt te werpen.

De functie die men hier gebruikt (random-walk), zal een voorgaande berekening nemen om daarbij een cijfer op te tellen. Basisvergelijking hiervoor is y(t)=y(t-1) + e(t).

Hoe meer worpen/pogingen men doet, hoe groter de kans wordt dat er een gelijk aantal keer kop of munt wordt gesmeten. Bij de eerste berekeningen is duidelijk af te lezen dat die kans inderdaad groter wordt naarmate men meer worpen doet. Binnen deze berekeningen en toepassingen is er echter geen sprake van seizoenaliteit en is het patroon (trend) dat waar te nemen is toe te wijten aan toeval.

Bij de eerste en laatste berekening is echter te zien dat er een positieve trend is waar te nemen daar berekening 2 een negatieve trend aantoont.



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Dataset

Tables (Output of Computation)





Summary of computational transaction
Raw Inputview raw input (R code)
Raw Outputview raw output of R engine
Computing time3 seconds
R Server'Herman Ole Andreas Wold' @ 193.190.124.10:1001

\begin{tabular}{lllllllll}
\hline
Summary of computational transaction \tabularnewline
Raw Input & view raw input (R code)  \tabularnewline
Raw Output & view raw output of R engine  \tabularnewline
Computing time & 3 seconds \tabularnewline
R Server & 'Herman Ole Andreas Wold' @ 193.190.124.10:1001 \tabularnewline
\hline
\end{tabular}
%Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=27514&T=0

[TABLE]
[ROW][C]Summary of computational transaction[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]Raw Input[/C][C]view raw input (R code) [/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]Raw Output[/C][C]view raw output of R engine [/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]Computing time[/C][C]3 seconds[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]R Server[/C][C]'Herman Ole Andreas Wold' @ 193.190.124.10:1001[/C][/ROW]
[/TABLE]
Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=27514&T=0

Globally Unique Identifier (entire table): ba.freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=27514&T=0

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QR Code


The GUIDs for individual cells are displayed in the table below:

Summary of computational transaction
Raw Inputview raw input (R code)
Raw Outputview raw output of R engine
Computing time3 seconds
R Server'Herman Ole Andreas Wold' @ 193.190.124.10:1001


Figures (Output of Computation)

Input Parameters & R Code

Parameters (Session):
par1 = 500 ; par2 = 0.5 ;
Parameters (R input):
par1 = 500 ; par2 = 0.5 ;
R code (references can be found in the software module):
n <- as.numeric(par1)
p <- as.numeric(par2)
heads=rbinom(n-1,1,p)
a=2*(heads)-1
b=diffinv(a,xi=0)
c=1:n
pheads=(diffinv(heads,xi=.5))/c
bitmap(file='test1.png')
op=par(mfrow=c(2,1))
plot(c,b,type='n',main='Law of Averages',xlab='Toss Number',ylab='Excess of Heads',lwd=2,cex.lab=1.5,cex.main=2)
lines(c,b,col='red')
lines(c,rep(0,n),col='black')
plot(c,pheads,type='n',xlab='Toss Number',ylab='Proportion of Heads',lwd=2,cex.lab=1.5)
lines(c,pheads,col='blue')
lines(c,rep(.5,n),col='black')
par(op)
dev.off()