<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:title>Three-Step Estimation for Latent Class Analysis</dc:title>
  <dc:title>R package tseLCA version 1.0.2</dc:title>
  <dc:description>Implements BCH (Bolck-Croon-Hagenaars) &lt;doi:10.1093/pan/mph001&gt; and ML (Vermunt's maximum likelihood) &lt;doi:10.1093/pan/mpq025&gt; approaches for three-step estimation of latent class models with covariates and distal outcomes, following Bakk, Tekle &amp; Vermunt (2013) &lt;doi:10.1177/0081175012470644&gt;, Bakk, Oberski &amp; Vermunt (2014) &lt;https://www.jstor.org/stable/24573086&gt;, and Bakk &amp; Kuha (2018) &lt;doi:10.1007/s11336-017-9592-7&gt;. Built on 'multilevLCA' (Lyrvall et al., 2025) &lt;doi:10.1080/00273171.2025.2473935&gt; for Step-1 measurement model estimation, this package extends it with support for Gaussian, Poisson, and binomial distal outcome families. Unlike 'poLCA', which relies on one-step estimation and cannot accommodate a measurement model from a different sample, this package uses a stepwise approach to prevent the structural model from influencing latent class formation. Implements correct sandwich variance estimation that propagates measurement uncertainty from the first-step through classification-error correction in the final step (Bakk, Oberski &amp; Vermunt, 2014). Supports polytomous items and missing data in the measurement model with full information maximum likelihood. A data-generating process replicating the Bakk &amp; Kuha (2018) simulation study is included.</dc:description>
  <dc:type>Software</dc:type>
  <dc:relation>Depends: R (&gt;= 4.1.0)</dc:relation>
  <dc:relation>Imports: multilevLCA, cli</dc:relation>
  <dc:relation>Suggests: poLCA, testthat (&gt;= 3.0.0), parallel, knitr, rmarkdown,
spelling</dc:relation>
  <dc:creator>Sam Lee &lt;samlee@arizona.edu&gt;</dc:creator>
  <dc:publisher>Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN)</dc:publisher>
  <dc:contributor>Sam Lee [aut, cre, cph] (ORCID:
    &lt;https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2977-6661&gt;),
  Jay Goodliffe [ctb]</dc:contributor>
  <dc:rights>GPL (&gt;= 3)</dc:rights>
  <dc:date>2026-07-11</dc:date>
  <dc:format>application/tgz</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier>https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=tseLCA</dc:identifier>
  <dc:identifier>doi:10.32614/CRAN.package.tseLCA</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>en-US</dc:language>
</oai_dc:dc>
