A self-tuning spectral clustering method for single or multi-view data. 'Spectrum' uses a new type of adaptive density aware kernel that strengthens connections in the graph based on common nearest neighbours. It uses a tensor product graph data integration and diffusion procedure to integrate different data sources and reduce noise. 'Spectrum' uses either the eigengap or multimodality gap heuristics to determine the number of clusters. The method is sufficiently flexible so that a wide range of Gaussian and non-Gaussian structures can be clustered with automatic selection of K.

Do multi-gene descent probabilities
   (Thompson, 1983, <doi:10.1098/rspb.1983.0072>)
   and special cases thereof
   (Thompson, 1986, <doi:10.1002/zoo.1430050210>)
   including inbreeding and kinship coefficients.  But does much more:
   probabilities of any set of genes descending from any other
   set of genes.

Implements the Smoothness-Penalized Deconvolution method for estimating a probability density under measurement error of Kent and Ruppert (2023) <doi:10.1080/01621459.2023.2259028>. The estimator is formed by computing a histogram of the error-contaminated data, and then finding an estimate that minimizes a reconstruction error plus a smoothness-inducing penalty term. The primary function, sped(), takes the data and error distribution, and returns the estimator as a function.

From output files obtained from the software 'ModestR', the relative contribution of factors to explain species distribution is depicted using several plots. A global geographic raster file for each environmental variable may be also obtained with the mean relative contribution, considering all species present in each raster cell, of the factor to explain species distribution. Finally, for each variable it is also possible to compare the frequencies of any variable obtained in the cells where the species is present with the frequencies of the same variable in the cells of the extent.

Inferring causation from spatial cross-sectional data through empirical dynamic modeling (EDM), with methodological extensions including geographical convergent cross mapping from Gao et al. (2023) <doi:10.1038/s41467-023-41619-6>, as well as the spatial causality test following the approach of Herrera et al. (2016) <doi:10.1111/pirs.12144>, together with geographical pattern causality proposed in Zhang & Wang (2025) <doi:10.1080/13658816.2025.2581207>.