Calculates multi-scale geomorphometric terrain attributes from regularly gridded digital terrain models using a variable focal windows size (Ilich et al. (2023) <doi:10.1111/tgis.13067>).

A tool for optimizing scales of effect when modeling ecological processes in space. Specifically, the scale parameter of a distance-weighted kernel distribution is identified for all environmental layers included in the model. Includes functions to assist in model selection, model evaluation, efficient transformation of raster surfaces using fast Fourier transformation, and projecting models. For more details see Peterman (2026) <doi:10.1007/s10980-025-02267-x>.

Provides tools for multiscale systematic conservation planning
    using the H3 hierarchical hexagonal grid system (Uber Technologies (2024)
    <https://h3geo.org>) and the 'prioritizr' package (Hanson et al. (2025)
    <doi:10.1111/cobi.14376>). Supports the definition and solution of
    conservation problems across nested H3 resolutions with resolution-specific
    features, costs, and management attributes, including cross-scale
    connectivity penalties derived from parent-child relationships. Also
    includes utilities to evaluate solutions using multiscale-aware diagnostics
    and to post-process optimization outputs into alternative area-targeted
    conservation scenarios.

Provides a modular framework for exact multi-objective spatial
    planning using mixed-integer programming. The package supports the
    definition of planning problems through planning units, features,
    management actions, action effects, spatial relations, targets,
    constraints, and objective functions. It enables the optimisation of
    spatial planning portfolios under considerations such as boundary
    structure, connectivity, and fragmentation. Supported multi-objective
    methods include weighted-sum aggregation, epsilon-constraint, and the
    augmented epsilon-constraint method. Problems can be solved with several
    commercial and open-source optimisation solvers. Optional solver backends 
    include the 'gurobi' R package, which is distributed with the Gurobi Optimizer 
    installation <https://docs.gurobi.com/projects/optimizer/en/13.0/reference/r/setup.html>, 
    and the 'rcbc' R package, available from GitHub at 
    <https://github.com/dirkschumacher/rcbc>. For background on multi-objective 
    optimisation methods, see Halffmann et al.
    (2022) <doi:10.1002/mcda.1780>; for the augmented epsilon-constraint method,
    see Mavrotas (2009) <doi:10.1016/j.amc.2009.03.037>.