Black-Box Optimization Toolkit R package bbotk version 1.12.0 Features highly configurable search spaces via the 'paradox' package and optimizes every user-defined objective function. The package includes several optimization algorithms e.g. Random Search, Iterated Racing, Bayesian Optimization (in 'mlr3mbo') and Hyperband (in 'mlr3hyperband'). bbotk is the base package of 'mlr3tuning', 'mlr3fselect' and 'miesmuschel'. Software Depends: paradox (>= 1.0.0), R (>= 3.1.0) Imports: checkmate (>= 2.0.0), cli, data.table, lgr, methods, mlr3misc (>= 0.21.0), moocore, R6 Suggests: adagio, emoa, GenSA, irace (>= 4.0.0), knitr, mirai, nloptr, processx, progressr, redux, RhpcBLASctl, rush (>= 1.2.0), testthat (>= 3.0.0) Marc Becker <marcbecker@posteo.de> Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN) Marc Becker [cre, aut] (ORCID: <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8115-0400>), Jakob Richter [aut] (ORCID: <https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-5554>), Michel Lang [aut] (ORCID: <https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9754-0393>), Bernd Bischl [aut] (ORCID: <https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6002-6980>), Martin Binder [aut], Olaf Mersmann [ctb] LGPL-3 2026-07-17 application/tgz https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=bbotk doi:10.32614/CRAN.package.bbotk en-US