Bass-Ackwards Hierarchical Structural Analysis R package ackwards version 0.2.0 Implements Goldberg's (2006) <doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2006.01.001> bass-ackwards method and modern descendants for hierarchical structural analysis. Extracts solutions from 1 to k factors using principal component analysis (PCA), exploratory factor analysis (EFA), or exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) engines, then characterizes the hierarchy via between-level factor-score correlations computed via exact linear algebra (Waller, 2007, <doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2006.08.005>) or materialized scores. Includes the Forbes (2023) <doi:10.1037/met0000546> extension for redundancy pruning and all-levels cross-correlations. Software Depends: R (>= 4.1.0) Imports: cli, generics, psych, rlang, stats, utils Suggests: covr, EFAtools, future, future.apply, ggplot2, gt, knitr, lavaan (>= 0.6-13), rmarkdown, testthat (>= 3.0.0) Jeffrey M. Girard <me@jmgirard.com> Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN) Jeffrey M. Girard [aut, cre] (ORCID: <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7359-3746>), Miriam K. Forbes [cph] (Author of the bundled AMH correlation matrix (data/forbes2023.rda), CC-BY 4.0) MIT + file LICENSE (https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=ackwards/LICENSE) 2026-07-27 application/tgz https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=ackwards doi:10.32614/CRAN.package.ackwards