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Author's title

Author*The author of this computation has been verified*
R Software Modulerwasp_chi_squared_tests.wasp
Title produced by softwareChi-Squared and McNemar Tests
Date of computationThu, 11 Nov 2010 12:04:50 +0000
Cite this page as followsStatistical Computations at FreeStatistics.org, Office for Research Development and Education, URL https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?v=date/2010/Nov/11/t1289476990bvwelk6n6ltxkqc.htm/, Retrieved Fri, 29 Mar 2024 09:06:58 +0000
Statistical Computations at FreeStatistics.org, Office for Research Development and Education, URL https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=93216, Retrieved Fri, 29 Mar 2024 09:06:58 +0000
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Original text written by user:
IsPrivate?No (this computation is public)
User-defined keywords
Estimated Impact141
Family? (F = Feedback message, R = changed R code, M = changed R Module, P = changed Parameters, D = changed Data)
-     [ECEL 2008] [ECEL2008 hypothes...] [2008-06-14 21:17:24] [74be16979710d4c4e7c6647856088456]
F RMPD    [Chi-Squared and McNemar Tests] [Connected versus ...] [2010-11-11 12:04:50] [b6992a7b26e556359948e164e4227eba] [Current]
Feedback Forum
2010-11-23 18:32:30 [411b43619fc9db329bbcdbf7261c55fb] [reply
Hier zien we dat de cell count te laag is (sommige waarden lager dan 5), daarom gebruiken we de “Exact Pearson Chi-squared by simulation” (de student gebruikt deze niet). Bekijk http://www.freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?v=date/2010/Nov/18/t1290085715qfmthjak603yiel.htm/ voor A/B/C/D. Wat er hier wel opvalt is dat studenten die zeer connected zijn, ook een hoge score voor happiness hebben. Deze balk is niet gekleurd, dus het kan nog wel altijd toeval zijn. Verder komen hier de extreem lage scores voor connected en Happiness meer voor dan verwacht, maar ook deze balkjes zijn niet gekleurd, dus het kan nog steeds toeval zijn.

Aangezien de cell count (zoals eerder aangehaald) niet OK is, gaan we ook nog even de vergelijking maken op basis van de groffe indeling HI/LO. (bekijk http://www.freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?v=date/2010/Nov/20/t1290247875p54egkxi37wrw4t.htm/ berekening met “Pearson Chi-squared test”) Als we hier kijken naar de p-waarde (tabel “Statiscal Results”) dan zien we dat deze hier veel hoger ligt dan de vooropgestelde type 1 fout (5%), namelijk 78%. Mocht er hier een verband geweest zijn, dan zou het een positief verband zijn.

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Dataseries X:
'A'	'A'	'B'	'B'
'A'	'C'	'A'	'C'
'D'	'B'	'D'	'A'
'D'	'C'	'D'	'B'
'B'	'A'	'A'	'A'
'B'	'D'	'A'	'B'
'A'	'D'	'B'	'A'
'B'	'B'	'B'	'C'
'B'	'B'	'B'	'D'
'A'	'A'	'B'	'B'
'A'	'D'	'A'	'D'
'B'	'B'	'A'	'D'
'A'	'B'	'D'	'A'
'A'	'A'	'A'	'A'
'C'	'A'	'A'	'D'
'C'	'C'	'B'	'A'
'B'	'C'	'B'	'A'
'A'	'A'	'A'	'C'
'A'	'A'	'B'	'D'
'C'	'C'	'A'	'B'
'C'	'C'	'A'	'D'
'D'	'D'	'D'	'A'
'A'	'A'	'B'	'B'
'A'	'A'	'D'	'A'
'A'	'C'	'A'	'C'
'A'	'C'	'D'	'D'
'B'	'B'	'A'	'C'
'C'	'A'	'B'	'A'
'C'	'C'	'B'	'A'
'B'	'C'	'D'	'B'
'D'	'D'	'A'	'D'
'D'	'C'	'C'	'A'
'A'	'D'	'A'	'D'
'B'	'A'	'B'	'C'
'B'	'D'	'B'	'B'
'C'	'C'	'A'	'D'
'D'	'D'	'D'	'A'
'B'	'C'	'B'	'B'
'D'	'D'	'A'	'D'
'B'	'C'	'C'	'D'
'A'	'C'	'B'	'D'
'B'	'C'	'A'	'A'
'A'	'C'	'A'	'D'
'B'	'C'	'D'	'A'
'A'	'D'	'D'	'C'
'A'	'B'	'D'	'B'
'A'	'A'	'B'	'D'
'C'	'B'	'B'	'C'
'B'	'A'	'A'	'A'
'A'	'C'	'C'	'C'
'C'	'A'	'A'	'D'
'C'	'D'	'B'	'A'
'C'	'C'	'D'	'A'
'B'	'A'	'D'	'A'
'C'	'C'	'D'	'C'
'A'	'C'	'B'	'B'
'A'	'B'	'A'	'B'
'D'	'B'	'B'	'D'
'A'	'B'	'D'	'D'
'B'	'B'	'D'	'A'
'D'	'D'	'D'	'A'
'A'	'B'	'C'	'B'
'B'	'B'	'D'	'B'
'D'	'B'	'B'	'A'
'B'	'D'	'B'	'B'
'B'	'A'	'D'	'C'
'B'	'B'	'D'	'A'
'D'	'D'	'D'	'B'
'A'	'A'	'B'	'B'
'B'	'A'	'B'	'A'
'A'	'B'	'B'	'B'
'D'	'A'	'A'	'A'
'B'	'A'	'B'	'B'
'A'	'A'	'B'	'D'
'B'	'D'	'C'	'C'
'A'	'D'	'D'	'A'
'A'	'A'	'A'	'B'
'B'	'D'	'C'	'A'
'D'	'D'	'B'	'B'
'A'	'D'	'C'	'D'
'C'	'B'	'B'	'C'
'A'	'A'	'A'	'D'
'B'	'A'	'B'	'D'
'A'	'C'	'A'	'B'
'C'	'B'	'B'	'B'
'C'	'D'	'B'	'B'
'A'	'A'	'B'	'B'
'C'	'B'	'B'	'B'
'D'	'C'	'C'	'A'
'C'	'C'	'D'	'A'
'D'	'B'	'A'	'B'
'B'	'C'	'C'	'A'
'B'	'A'	'B'	'B'
'C'	'D'	'B'	'A'
'D'	'D'	'C'	'D'
'A'	'B'	'A'	'C'
'A'	'B'	'D'	'A'
'B'	'D'	'B'	'C'
'A'	'B'	'A'	'C'
'C'	'B'	'B'	'D'
'A'	'B'	'A'	'D'
'A'	'B'	'D'	'A'
'B'	'A'	'A'	'B'
'C'	'D'	'D'	'C'
'C'	'A'	'B'	'A'
'A'	'C'	'D'	'A'
'A'	'B'	'A'	'C'
'A'	'A'	'B'	'A'
'B'	'B'	'D'	'A'
'A'	'A'	'D'	'A'
'D'	'B'	'B'	'A'
'D'	'C'	'D'	'A'
'C'	'A'	'C'	'C'
'C'	'C'	'B'	'A'
'A'	'B'	'A'	'B'
'A'	'C'	'A'	'D'
'C'	'A'	'B'	'A'
'B'	'A'	'B'	'B'
'C'	'B'	'B'	'D'
'A'	'B'	'B'	'A'
'C'	'A'	'D'	'A'
'D'	'D'	'B'	'A'
'A'	'A'	'B'	'C'
'A'	'A'	'B'	'D'
'C'	'D'	'B'	'C'
'D'	'C'	'C'	'C'
'A'	'C'	'A'	'D'
'A'	'A'	'A'	'D'
'C'	'B'	'A'	'C'
'B'	'C'	'B'	'B'
'C'	'C'	'C'	'C'
'D'	'C'	'D'	'A'
'A'	'A'	'B'	'D'
'D'	'D'	'B'	'A'
'A'	'A'	'B'	'B'
'C'	'D'	'A'	'A'
'D'	'D'	'D'	'A'
'B'	'B'	'B'	'A'
'D'	'B'	'D'	'A'
'B'	'B'	'B'	'C'
'D'	'B'	'C'	'B'
'C'	'B'	'B'	'D'
'D'	'B'	'A'	'A'
'D'	'B'	'B'	'B'
'D'	'D'	'B'	'B'
'A'	'D'	'A'	'C'
'C'	'D'	'A'	'B'
'B'	'B'	'D'	'B'
'C'	'D'	'D'	'C'
'B'	'C'	'D'	'A'
'A'	'A'	'A'	'B'
'A'	'A'	'C'	'A'
'B'	'A'	'A'	'D'
'B'	'A'	'D'	'B'
'B'	'B'	'D'	'A'
'C'	'D'	'C'	'A'
'B'	'C'	'C'	'A'
'C'	'A'	'B'	'A'
'C'	'B'	'A'	'C'
'B'	'C'	'C'	'D'
'C'	'B'	'D'	'A'
'B'	'B'	'C'	'A'




Summary of computational transaction
Raw Inputview raw input (R code)
Raw Outputview raw output of R engine
Computing time2 seconds
R Server'RServer@AstonUniversity' @ vre.aston.ac.uk

\begin{tabular}{lllllllll}
\hline
Summary of computational transaction \tabularnewline
Raw Input & view raw input (R code)  \tabularnewline
Raw Output & view raw output of R engine  \tabularnewline
Computing time & 2 seconds \tabularnewline
R Server & 'RServer@AstonUniversity' @ vre.aston.ac.uk \tabularnewline
\hline
\end{tabular}
%Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=93216&T=0

[TABLE]
[ROW][C]Summary of computational transaction[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]Raw Input[/C][C]view raw input (R code) [/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]Raw Output[/C][C]view raw output of R engine [/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]Computing time[/C][C]2 seconds[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]R Server[/C][C]'RServer@AstonUniversity' @ vre.aston.ac.uk[/C][/ROW]
[/TABLE]
Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=93216&T=0

Globally Unique Identifier (entire table): ba.freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=93216&T=0

As an alternative you can also use a QR Code:  

The GUIDs for individual cells are displayed in the table below:

Summary of computational transaction
Raw Inputview raw input (R code)
Raw Outputview raw output of R engine
Computing time2 seconds
R Server'RServer@AstonUniversity' @ vre.aston.ac.uk







Tabulation of Results
Connected x Happiness
ABCD
A2118411
B816712
C91837
D58510

\begin{tabular}{lllllllll}
\hline
Tabulation of Results \tabularnewline
Connected  x  Happiness \tabularnewline
  & A & B & C & D \tabularnewline
A & 21 & 18 & 4 & 11 \tabularnewline
B & 8 & 16 & 7 & 12 \tabularnewline
C & 9 & 18 & 3 & 7 \tabularnewline
D & 5 & 8 & 5 & 10 \tabularnewline
\hline
\end{tabular}
%Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=93216&T=1

[TABLE]
[ROW][C]Tabulation of Results[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]Connected  x  Happiness[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C] [/C][C]A[/C][C]B[/C][C]C[/C][C]D[/C][/ROW]
[C]A[/C][C]21[/C][C]18[/C][C]4[/C][C]11[/C][/ROW]
[C]B[/C][C]8[/C][C]16[/C][C]7[/C][C]12[/C][/ROW]
[C]C[/C][C]9[/C][C]18[/C][C]3[/C][C]7[/C][/ROW]
[C]D[/C][C]5[/C][C]8[/C][C]5[/C][C]10[/C][/ROW]
[/TABLE]
Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=93216&T=1

Globally Unique Identifier (entire table): ba.freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=93216&T=1

As an alternative you can also use a QR Code:  

The GUIDs for individual cells are displayed in the table below:

Tabulation of Results
Connected x Happiness
ABCD
A2118411
B816712
C91837
D58510







Tabulation of Expected Results
Connected x Happiness
ABCD
A14.33206.3313.33
B11.4115.935.0410.62
C9.8213.74.349.14
D7.4310.373.286.91

\begin{tabular}{lllllllll}
\hline
Tabulation of Expected Results \tabularnewline
Connected  x  Happiness \tabularnewline
  & A & B & C & D \tabularnewline
A & 14.33 & 20 & 6.33 & 13.33 \tabularnewline
B & 11.41 & 15.93 & 5.04 & 10.62 \tabularnewline
C & 9.82 & 13.7 & 4.34 & 9.14 \tabularnewline
D & 7.43 & 10.37 & 3.28 & 6.91 \tabularnewline
\hline
\end{tabular}
%Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=93216&T=2

[TABLE]
[ROW][C]Tabulation of Expected Results[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]Connected  x  Happiness[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C] [/C][C]A[/C][C]B[/C][C]C[/C][C]D[/C][/ROW]
[C]A[/C][C]14.33[/C][C]20[/C][C]6.33[/C][C]13.33[/C][/ROW]
[C]B[/C][C]11.41[/C][C]15.93[/C][C]5.04[/C][C]10.62[/C][/ROW]
[C]C[/C][C]9.82[/C][C]13.7[/C][C]4.34[/C][C]9.14[/C][/ROW]
[C]D[/C][C]7.43[/C][C]10.37[/C][C]3.28[/C][C]6.91[/C][/ROW]
[/TABLE]
Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=93216&T=2

Globally Unique Identifier (entire table): ba.freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=93216&T=2

As an alternative you can also use a QR Code:  

The GUIDs for individual cells are displayed in the table below:

Tabulation of Expected Results
Connected x Happiness
ABCD
A14.33206.3313.33
B11.4115.935.0410.62
C9.8213.74.349.14
D7.4310.373.286.91







Statistical Results
Pearson's Chi-squared test
Chi Square Statistic12.47
Degrees of Freedom9
P value0.19

\begin{tabular}{lllllllll}
\hline
Statistical Results \tabularnewline
Pearson's Chi-squared test \tabularnewline
Chi Square Statistic & 12.47 \tabularnewline
Degrees of Freedom & 9 \tabularnewline
P value & 0.19 \tabularnewline
\hline
\end{tabular}
%Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=93216&T=3

[TABLE]
[ROW][C]Statistical Results[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]Pearson's Chi-squared test[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]Chi Square Statistic[/C][C]12.47[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]Degrees of Freedom[/C][C]9[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]P value[/C][C]0.19[/C][/ROW]
[/TABLE]
Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=93216&T=3

Globally Unique Identifier (entire table): ba.freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=93216&T=3

As an alternative you can also use a QR Code:  

The GUIDs for individual cells are displayed in the table below:

Statistical Results
Pearson's Chi-squared test
Chi Square Statistic12.47
Degrees of Freedom9
P value0.19



Parameters (Session):
par1 = 1 ; par2 = 3 ; par3 = Pearson Chi-Squared ;
Parameters (R input):
par1 = 1 ; par2 = 3 ; par3 = Pearson Chi-Squared ;
R code (references can be found in the software module):
library(vcd)
cat1 <- as.numeric(par1) #
cat2<- as.numeric(par2) #
simulate.p.value=FALSE
if (par3 == 'Exact Pearson Chi-Squared by Simulation') simulate.p.value=TRUE
x <- t(x)
(z <- array(unlist(x),dim=c(length(x[,1]),length(x[1,]))))
(table1 <- table(z[,cat1],z[,cat2]))
(V1<-dimnames(y)[[1]][cat1])
(V2<-dimnames(y)[[1]][cat2])
bitmap(file='pic1.png')
assoc(ftable(z[,cat1],z[,cat2],row.vars=1,dnn=c(V1,V2)),shade=T)
dev.off()
load(file='createtable')
a<-table.start()
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,'Tabulation of Results',ncol(table1)+1,TRUE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,paste(V1,' x ', V2),ncol(table1)+1,TRUE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a, ' ', 1,TRUE)
for(nc in 1:ncol(table1)){
a<-table.element(a, colnames(table1)[nc], 1, TRUE)
}
a<-table.row.end(a)
for(nr in 1:nrow(table1) ){
a<-table.element(a, rownames(table1)[nr], 1, TRUE)
for(nc in 1:ncol(table1) ){
a<-table.element(a, table1[nr, nc], 1, FALSE)
}
a<-table.row.end(a)
}
a<-table.end(a)
table.save(a,file='mytable.tab')
(cst<-chisq.test(table1, simulate.p.value=simulate.p.value) )
if (par3 == 'McNemar Chi-Squared') {
(cst <- mcnemar.test(table1))
}
if (par3 != 'McNemar Chi-Squared') {
a<-table.start()
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,'Tabulation of Expected Results',ncol(table1)+1,TRUE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,paste(V1,' x ', V2),ncol(table1)+1,TRUE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a, ' ', 1,TRUE)
for(nc in 1:ncol(table1)){
a<-table.element(a, colnames(table1)[nc], 1, TRUE)
}
a<-table.row.end(a)
for(nr in 1:nrow(table1) ){
a<-table.element(a, rownames(table1)[nr], 1, TRUE)
for(nc in 1:ncol(table1) ){
a<-table.element(a, round(cst$expected[nr, nc], digits=2), 1, FALSE)
}
a<-table.row.end(a)
}
a<-table.end(a)
table.save(a,file='mytable1.tab')
}
a<-table.start()
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,'Statistical Results',2,TRUE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a, cst$method, 2,TRUE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a, 'Chi Square Statistic', 1, TRUE)
a<-table.element(a, round(cst$statistic, digits=2), 1,FALSE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
if(!simulate.p.value){
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a, 'Degrees of Freedom', 1, TRUE)
a<-table.element(a, cst$parameter, 1,FALSE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
}
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a, 'P value', 1, TRUE)
a<-table.element(a, round(cst$p.value, digits=2), 1,FALSE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.end(a)
table.save(a,file='mytable2.tab')