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R Software Module

rwasp_smp.wasp

Title produced by software

Standard Deviation-Mean Plot

Date of computation

Mon, 08 Dec 2008 13:14:13 -0700

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Statistical Computations at FreeStatistics.org, Office for Research Development and Education, URL https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?v=date/2008/Dec/08/t1228767336mj4u0vjgb0j96q6.htm/, Retrieved Thu, 16 May 2024 12:54:26 +0000

Statistical Computations at FreeStatistics.org, Office for Research Development and Education, URL https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=30933, Retrieved Thu, 16 May 2024 12:54:26 +0000

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Estimated Impact

160

Family? (F = Feedback message, R = changed R code, M = changed R Module, P = changed Parameters, D = changed Data)

F       [Standard Deviation-Mean Plot] [Arma proces 1] [2008-12-08 20:14:13] [c5d6d05aee6be5527ac4a30a8c3b8fe5] [Current]

Feedback Forum

2008-12-13 10:41:28 [Julie Govaerts] [reply] 
de grafiek (SMP) verdeelt de gegevens in notches van 12 observaties = gaat voor elke notch het gemiddelde en de standaard deviatie berekenen 
de x-as toont ons het gemiddelde 
de y-as toont ons de standaard afwijking/fout 
er is 1 outlier te zien maar deze ligt niet helemaal links of rechts dus heeft minder invloed --> er is een licht positief lineair verband zichtbaar (tussen het gemiddelde niveau en de standaardafwijking) 
 
De eerste tabel toont de regressievergelijking = onderzoekt of er een verband bestaat tussen het gemiddelde niveau en de standaard afwijking 
Bèta = positief en de p waarde is zeer klein --> er is dus minder dan 1% kans dat we ons vergissen bij het verwerpen van de nulhypothese --> de helling is significant verschillend van nul = er is een verband = niet aan het toeval toe te wijzen 
enkel als uit de eerste tabel blijkt dat er een significant verschil is (adhv de p-waarde: kleiner dan 0.05), moeten we in de tweede tabel kijken naar de lambda. Aan de hand van de lambda transformatie kunnen we een stationaire tijdreeks maken. 
 
De tweede table is in logaritmische vorm --> deze gaat de lambda waarde berekenen 
Lambda = 0,467 --> 0,5 = makkelijker! 
 
2008-12-15 20:07:54 [Lana Van Wesemael] [reply] 
Door de SMP te berekenen kunnen we besluiten of dat een lambda transformatie nodig is en waaraan deze dan gelijk moet zijn. Eerst kijken we naar de eerste tabel om te besluiten of de lambda transformatie zin heeft. In de eerste tabel kijken we naar de beta waarde, deze is positief en  bovendien verschillend van nul want de p-waarde is gelijk aan0.00382792717820021, wat erg klein is. Het is dus nodig om de transformatie toe te passen. Bovendien zien we wanneer we naar de scatterplot kijken een duidelijk verband tussen het gemiddelde en de standaardafwijking. Een voorwaarde die ook vervuld moet zijn voordat we de lambda transformatie toepassen. In de tweede tabel lezen we de precieze lamda waarde dan af en we gaan dan proberen om deze af te ronden naar een zinvolle waarden (bvb: -1, 0 , 0.5). Door 2 maal de standaardafwijking bij de lamda waarde op te tellen en af te trekken. Van het interval dat we hierdoor bekomen kunnen we zeggen dat de werkelijke lambda waarde hier met 95% zekerheid tussen ligt. In dit geval ligt de werkelijke lamda waarde dus tussen 0,2362643 en 0,697852. En mogen we de lamda dus inderdaad afronden tot 0,5. 

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Summary of computational transaction
Raw Input	view raw input (R code)
Raw Output	view raw output of R engine
Computing time	2 seconds
R Server	'Herman Ole Andreas Wold' @ 193.190.124.10:1001

\begin{tabular}{lllllllll}
\hline
Summary of computational transaction \tabularnewline
Raw Input & view raw input (R code)  \tabularnewline
Raw Output & view raw output of R engine  \tabularnewline
Computing time & 2 seconds \tabularnewline
R Server & 'Herman Ole Andreas Wold' @ 193.190.124.10:1001 \tabularnewline
\hline
\end{tabular}
%Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=30933&T=0

[TABLE]
[ROW][C]Summary of computational transaction[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]Raw Input[/C][C]view raw input (R code) [/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]Raw Output[/C][C]view raw output of R engine [/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]Computing time[/C][C]2 seconds[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]R Server[/C][C]'Herman Ole Andreas Wold' @ 193.190.124.10:1001[/C][/ROW]
[/TABLE]
Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=30933&T=0

Globally Unique Identifier (entire table): ba.freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=30933&T=0

As an alternative you can also use a QR Code:

The GUIDs for individual cells are displayed in the table below:

Summary of computational transaction
Raw Input	view raw input (R code)
Raw Output	view raw output of R engine
Computing time	2 seconds
R Server	'Herman Ole Andreas Wold' @ 193.190.124.10:1001

Standard Deviation-Mean Plot
Section	Mean	Standard Deviation	Range
1	227.733333333333	29.1940010442162	106
2	363.65	36.3267119348834	139.3
3	328.916666666667	93.5458451857438	273.6
4	205.45	30.3247123946491	89.5
5	188.333333333333	27.3773739803621	86
6	181.25	26.1571995999016	85.2
7	353.341666666667	36.2089506346236	110.8
8	285.308333333333	46.6051783766048	138.5
9	275.125	35.0509272345255	108.8
10	285.85	30.7409262296136	86.7
11	460.166666666667	56.0969831198748	147.3
12	373.95	53.1021228817215	150.3
13	385.1	35.1442999387072	115.5
14	471.358333333333	64.2130184808676	179.1
15	394.208333333333	40.6847628018454	138.7
16	407	46.6030432092544	147.6
17	378.575	49.9696839912143	132
18	336.633333333333	51.5290973993129	146.3
19	287.841666666667	33.2699826033054	112.7
20	297.566666666667	30.476438987082	117
21	281.666666666667	40.7140434412173	131.1
22	283.033333333333	28.4860837901065	109
23	408.85	48.934882520271	128.5
24	499.333333333333	37.5159925494408	109.6
25	484.008333333333	48.4390236808249	133.1
26	430.433333333333	37.4665022103584	108.4
27	507.583333333333	53.8722703730919	196.2
28	782.975	48.4555489832973	137.4
29	728.8	53.3077684940777	187
30	685.558333333333	72.5442618285032	222.9
31	604.716666666667	50.4040372360882	144

\begin{tabular}{lllllllll}
\hline
Standard Deviation-Mean Plot \tabularnewline
Section & Mean & Standard Deviation & Range \tabularnewline
1 & 227.733333333333 & 29.1940010442162 & 106 \tabularnewline
2 & 363.65 & 36.3267119348834 & 139.3 \tabularnewline
3 & 328.916666666667 & 93.5458451857438 & 273.6 \tabularnewline
4 & 205.45 & 30.3247123946491 & 89.5 \tabularnewline
5 & 188.333333333333 & 27.3773739803621 & 86 \tabularnewline
6 & 181.25 & 26.1571995999016 & 85.2 \tabularnewline
7 & 353.341666666667 & 36.2089506346236 & 110.8 \tabularnewline
8 & 285.308333333333 & 46.6051783766048 & 138.5 \tabularnewline
9 & 275.125 & 35.0509272345255 & 108.8 \tabularnewline
10 & 285.85 & 30.7409262296136 & 86.7 \tabularnewline
11 & 460.166666666667 & 56.0969831198748 & 147.3 \tabularnewline
12 & 373.95 & 53.1021228817215 & 150.3 \tabularnewline
13 & 385.1 & 35.1442999387072 & 115.5 \tabularnewline
14 & 471.358333333333 & 64.2130184808676 & 179.1 \tabularnewline
15 & 394.208333333333 & 40.6847628018454 & 138.7 \tabularnewline
16 & 407 & 46.6030432092544 & 147.6 \tabularnewline
17 & 378.575 & 49.9696839912143 & 132 \tabularnewline
18 & 336.633333333333 & 51.5290973993129 & 146.3 \tabularnewline
19 & 287.841666666667 & 33.2699826033054 & 112.7 \tabularnewline
20 & 297.566666666667 & 30.476438987082 & 117 \tabularnewline
21 & 281.666666666667 & 40.7140434412173 & 131.1 \tabularnewline
22 & 283.033333333333 & 28.4860837901065 & 109 \tabularnewline
23 & 408.85 & 48.934882520271 & 128.5 \tabularnewline
24 & 499.333333333333 & 37.5159925494408 & 109.6 \tabularnewline
25 & 484.008333333333 & 48.4390236808249 & 133.1 \tabularnewline
26 & 430.433333333333 & 37.4665022103584 & 108.4 \tabularnewline
27 & 507.583333333333 & 53.8722703730919 & 196.2 \tabularnewline
28 & 782.975 & 48.4555489832973 & 137.4 \tabularnewline
29 & 728.8 & 53.3077684940777 & 187 \tabularnewline
30 & 685.558333333333 & 72.5442618285032 & 222.9 \tabularnewline
31 & 604.716666666667 & 50.4040372360882 & 144 \tabularnewline
\hline
\end{tabular}
%Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=30933&T=1

[TABLE]
[ROW][C]Standard Deviation-Mean Plot[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]Section[/C][C]Mean[/C][C]Standard Deviation[/C][C]Range[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]1[/C][C]227.733333333333[/C][C]29.1940010442162[/C][C]106[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]2[/C][C]363.65[/C][C]36.3267119348834[/C][C]139.3[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]3[/C][C]328.916666666667[/C][C]93.5458451857438[/C][C]273.6[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]4[/C][C]205.45[/C][C]30.3247123946491[/C][C]89.5[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]5[/C][C]188.333333333333[/C][C]27.3773739803621[/C][C]86[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]6[/C][C]181.25[/C][C]26.1571995999016[/C][C]85.2[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]7[/C][C]353.341666666667[/C][C]36.2089506346236[/C][C]110.8[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]8[/C][C]285.308333333333[/C][C]46.6051783766048[/C][C]138.5[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]9[/C][C]275.125[/C][C]35.0509272345255[/C][C]108.8[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]10[/C][C]285.85[/C][C]30.7409262296136[/C][C]86.7[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]11[/C][C]460.166666666667[/C][C]56.0969831198748[/C][C]147.3[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]12[/C][C]373.95[/C][C]53.1021228817215[/C][C]150.3[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]13[/C][C]385.1[/C][C]35.1442999387072[/C][C]115.5[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]14[/C][C]471.358333333333[/C][C]64.2130184808676[/C][C]179.1[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]15[/C][C]394.208333333333[/C][C]40.6847628018454[/C][C]138.7[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]16[/C][C]407[/C][C]46.6030432092544[/C][C]147.6[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]17[/C][C]378.575[/C][C]49.9696839912143[/C][C]132[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]18[/C][C]336.633333333333[/C][C]51.5290973993129[/C][C]146.3[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]19[/C][C]287.841666666667[/C][C]33.2699826033054[/C][C]112.7[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]20[/C][C]297.566666666667[/C][C]30.476438987082[/C][C]117[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]21[/C][C]281.666666666667[/C][C]40.7140434412173[/C][C]131.1[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]22[/C][C]283.033333333333[/C][C]28.4860837901065[/C][C]109[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]23[/C][C]408.85[/C][C]48.934882520271[/C][C]128.5[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]24[/C][C]499.333333333333[/C][C]37.5159925494408[/C][C]109.6[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]25[/C][C]484.008333333333[/C][C]48.4390236808249[/C][C]133.1[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]26[/C][C]430.433333333333[/C][C]37.4665022103584[/C][C]108.4[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]27[/C][C]507.583333333333[/C][C]53.8722703730919[/C][C]196.2[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]28[/C][C]782.975[/C][C]48.4555489832973[/C][C]137.4[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]29[/C][C]728.8[/C][C]53.3077684940777[/C][C]187[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]30[/C][C]685.558333333333[/C][C]72.5442618285032[/C][C]222.9[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]31[/C][C]604.716666666667[/C][C]50.4040372360882[/C][C]144[/C][/ROW]
[/TABLE]
Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=30933&T=1

Globally Unique Identifier (entire table): ba.freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=30933&T=1

As an alternative you can also use a QR Code:

The GUIDs for individual cells are displayed in the table below:

Standard Deviation-Mean Plot
Section	Mean	Standard Deviation	Range
1	227.733333333333	29.1940010442162	106
2	363.65	36.3267119348834	139.3
3	328.916666666667	93.5458451857438	273.6
4	205.45	30.3247123946491	89.5
5	188.333333333333	27.3773739803621	86
6	181.25	26.1571995999016	85.2
7	353.341666666667	36.2089506346236	110.8
8	285.308333333333	46.6051783766048	138.5
9	275.125	35.0509272345255	108.8
10	285.85	30.7409262296136	86.7
11	460.166666666667	56.0969831198748	147.3
12	373.95	53.1021228817215	150.3
13	385.1	35.1442999387072	115.5
14	471.358333333333	64.2130184808676	179.1
15	394.208333333333	40.6847628018454	138.7
16	407	46.6030432092544	147.6
17	378.575	49.9696839912143	132
18	336.633333333333	51.5290973993129	146.3
19	287.841666666667	33.2699826033054	112.7
20	297.566666666667	30.476438987082	117
21	281.666666666667	40.7140434412173	131.1
22	283.033333333333	28.4860837901065	109
23	408.85	48.934882520271	128.5
24	499.333333333333	37.5159925494408	109.6
25	484.008333333333	48.4390236808249	133.1
26	430.433333333333	37.4665022103584	108.4
27	507.583333333333	53.8722703730919	196.2
28	782.975	48.4555489832973	137.4
29	728.8	53.3077684940777	187
30	685.558333333333	72.5442618285032	222.9
31	604.716666666667	50.4040372360882	144

Regression: S.E.(k) = alpha + beta * Mean(k)
alpha	25.0818554501784
beta	0.0488516650103526
S.D.	0.0155384837695400
T-STAT	3.14391453728042
p-value	0.00382792717820019

\begin{tabular}{lllllllll}
\hline
Regression: S.E.(k) = alpha + beta * Mean(k) \tabularnewline
alpha & 25.0818554501784 \tabularnewline
beta & 0.0488516650103526 \tabularnewline
S.D. & 0.0155384837695400 \tabularnewline
T-STAT & 3.14391453728042 \tabularnewline
p-value & 0.00382792717820019 \tabularnewline
\hline
\end{tabular}
%Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=30933&T=2

[TABLE]
[ROW][C]Regression: S.E.(k) = alpha + beta * Mean(k)[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]alpha[/C][C]25.0818554501784[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]beta[/C][C]0.0488516650103526[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]S.D.[/C][C]0.0155384837695400[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]T-STAT[/C][C]3.14391453728042[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]p-value[/C][C]0.00382792717820019[/C][/ROW]
[/TABLE]
Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=30933&T=2

Globally Unique Identifier (entire table): ba.freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=30933&T=2

As an alternative you can also use a QR Code:

The GUIDs for individual cells are displayed in the table below:

Regression: S.E.(k) = alpha + beta * Mean(k)
alpha	25.0818554501784
beta	0.0488516650103526
S.D.	0.0155384837695400
T-STAT	3.14391453728042
p-value	0.00382792717820019

Regression: ln S.E.(k) = alpha + beta * ln Mean(k)
alpha	0.596066412617832
beta	0.532942026074987
S.D.	0.115396834084912
T-STAT	4.61834183148243
p-value	7.31833172336402e-05
Lambda	0.467057973925013

\begin{tabular}{lllllllll}
\hline
Regression: ln S.E.(k) = alpha + beta * ln Mean(k) \tabularnewline
alpha & 0.596066412617832 \tabularnewline
beta & 0.532942026074987 \tabularnewline
S.D. & 0.115396834084912 \tabularnewline
T-STAT & 4.61834183148243 \tabularnewline
p-value & 7.31833172336402e-05 \tabularnewline
Lambda & 0.467057973925013 \tabularnewline
\hline
\end{tabular}
%Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=30933&T=3

[TABLE]
[ROW][C]Regression: ln S.E.(k) = alpha + beta * ln Mean(k)[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]alpha[/C][C]0.596066412617832[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]beta[/C][C]0.532942026074987[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]S.D.[/C][C]0.115396834084912[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]T-STAT[/C][C]4.61834183148243[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]p-value[/C][C]7.31833172336402e-05[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]Lambda[/C][C]0.467057973925013[/C][/ROW]
[/TABLE]
Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=30933&T=3

Globally Unique Identifier (entire table): ba.freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=30933&T=3

As an alternative you can also use a QR Code:

The GUIDs for individual cells are displayed in the table below:

Regression: ln S.E.(k) = alpha + beta * ln Mean(k)
alpha	0.596066412617832
beta	0.532942026074987
S.D.	0.115396834084912
T-STAT	4.61834183148243
p-value	7.31833172336402e-05
Lambda	0.467057973925013

Figure 1

PNG link

Postscript link

PDF link

Figure 2

PNG link

Postscript link

PDF link

Parameters (Session):

par1 = 12 ;

Parameters (R input):

par1 = 12 ;

R code (references can be found in the software module):

par1 <- as.numeric(par1)
(n <- length(x))
(np <- floor(n / par1))
arr <- array(NA,dim=c(par1,np))
j <- 0
k <- 1
for (i in 1:(np*par1))
{
j = j + 1
arr[j,k] <- x[i]
if (j == par1) {
j = 0
k=k+1
}
}
arr
arr.mean <- array(NA,dim=np)
arr.sd <- array(NA,dim=np)
arr.range <- array(NA,dim=np)
for (j in 1:np)
{
arr.mean[j] <- mean(arr[,j],na.rm=TRUE)
arr.sd[j] <- sd(arr[,j],na.rm=TRUE)
arr.range[j] <- max(arr[,j],na.rm=TRUE) - min(arr[,j],na.rm=TRUE)
}
arr.mean
arr.sd
arr.range
(lm1 <- lm(arr.sd~arr.mean))
(lnlm1 <- lm(log(arr.sd)~log(arr.mean)))
(lm2 <- lm(arr.range~arr.mean))
bitmap(file='test1.png')
plot(arr.mean,arr.sd,main='Standard Deviation-Mean Plot',xlab='mean',ylab='standard deviation')
dev.off()
bitmap(file='test2.png')
plot(arr.mean,arr.range,main='Range-Mean Plot',xlab='mean',ylab='range')
dev.off()
load(file='createtable')
a<-table.start()
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,'Standard Deviation-Mean Plot',4,TRUE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,'Section',header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,'Mean',header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,'Standard Deviation',header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,'Range',header=TRUE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
for (j in 1:np) {
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,j,header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,arr.mean[j])
a<-table.element(a,arr.sd[j] )
a<-table.element(a,arr.range[j] )
a<-table.row.end(a)
}
a<-table.end(a)
table.save(a,file='mytable.tab')
a<-table.start()
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,'Regression: S.E.(k) = alpha + beta * Mean(k)',2,TRUE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,'alpha',header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,lm1$coefficients[[1]])
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,'beta',header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,lm1$coefficients[[2]])
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,'S.D.',header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,summary(lm1)$coefficients[2,2])
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,'T-STAT',header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,summary(lm1)$coefficients[2,3])
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,'p-value',header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,summary(lm1)$coefficients[2,4])
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.end(a)
table.save(a,file='mytable1.tab')
a<-table.start()
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,'Regression: ln S.E.(k) = alpha + beta * ln Mean(k)',2,TRUE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,'alpha',header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,lnlm1$coefficients[[1]])
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,'beta',header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,lnlm1$coefficients[[2]])
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,'S.D.',header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,summary(lnlm1)$coefficients[2,2])
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,'T-STAT',header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,summary(lnlm1)$coefficients[2,3])
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,'p-value',header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,summary(lnlm1)$coefficients[2,4])
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,'Lambda',header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,1-lnlm1$coefficients[[2]])
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.end(a)
table.save(a,file='mytable2.tab')

Free Statistics

Description of Statistical Computation

Tree of Dependent Computations

Dataset

Tables (Output of Computation)

Figures (Output of Computation)

Input Parameters & R Code