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Author

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R Software Module

rwasp_chi_squared_tests.wasp

Title produced by software

Chi-Squared and McNemar Tests

Date of computation

Mon, 15 Nov 2010 18:42:59 +0000

Cite this page as follows

Statistical Computations at FreeStatistics.org, Office for Research Development and Education, URL https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?v=date/2010/Nov/15/t1289846471ae0fqbbfdn90fpf.htm/, Retrieved Sat, 20 Apr 2024 06:12:56 +0000

Statistical Computations at FreeStatistics.org, Office for Research Development and Education, URL https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=94996, Retrieved Sat, 20 Apr 2024 06:12:56 +0000

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IsPrivate?

No (this computation is public)

User-defined keywords

Estimated Impact

154

Family? (F = Feedback message, R = changed R code, M = changed R Module, P = changed Parameters, D = changed Data)

-     [Univariate Explorative Data Analysis] [Turnover company A] [2010-11-02 11:53:41] [b98453cac15ba1066b407e146608df68]
- RMPD  [Chi-Squared and McNemar Tests] [Chi-Squared 1. Ha...] [2010-11-14 15:50:44] [19f9551d4d95750ef21e9f3cf8fe2131]
F    D      [Chi-Squared and McNemar Tests] [WS6 - 3] [2010-11-15 18:42:59] [66b4703b90a9701067ac75b10c82aca9] [Current]

Feedback Forum

2010-11-20 08:17:13 [] [reply] 
Algemene opmerking: Als je de Chi-squared test uitvoert is er blijkbaar een bijkomende voorwaarde, namelijk de minimum cell count moet gelijk zijn aan 5. Dit heb je ook bij uw assumpties gezet, maar je hebt het niet toegepast in uw berekeningen. In de berekening zie je in de tabel van de berekeningen of er al dan niet lage cell-counts zijn. Indien er lage cell-counts zijn, moet je een speciale type van Chi-squared test gebruiken, namelijk deze met een gesimuleerde p-value. Dit is een simulatietechniek die ook toepasbaar is voor lage cell-counts.
2010-11-20 08:23:06 [] [reply] 
Er is hier een verband tussen beide. Uit de hoofddiagonaal kan je positieve verschillen afleiden. Dus er bestaat een positief verband tussen happiness en seperate leerattitude. De p-value is laag, dus verband is significant. 
Ook kunnen we dit afleiden uit de berekening bij 2 onderverdelingen (high-low). De p-value is 0.02, dus er is een significant verband. Studenten die aangegeven hebben een separate leerattitude te hebben, zijn blijer. 

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Dataseries X:

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Boxplots

'A'	'B'
'C'	'A'
'B'	'D'
'C'	'D'
'A'	'A'
'D'	'A'
'D'	'B'
'B'	'B'
'B'	'B'
'A'	'B'
'D'	'A'
'B'	'A'
'B'	'D'
'A'	'A'
'A'	'A'
'C'	'B'
'C'	'B'
'A'	'A'
'A'	'B'
'C'	'A'
'C'	'A'
'D'	'D'
'A'	'B'
'A'	'D'
'C'	'A'
'C'	'D'
'B'	'A'
'A'	'B'
'C'	'B'
'C'	'D'
'D'	'A'
'C'	'C'
'D'	'A'
'A'	'B'
'D'	'B'
'C'	'A'
'D'	'D'
'C'	'B'
'D'	'A'
'C'	'C'
'C'	'B'
'C'	'A'
'C'	'A'
'C'	'D'
'D'	'D'
'B'	'D'
'A'	'B'
'B'	'B'
'A'	'A'
'C'	'C'
'A'	'A'
'D'	'B'
'C'	'D'
'A'	'D'
'C'	'D'
'C'	'B'
'B'	'A'
'B'	'B'
'B'	'D'
'B'	'D'
'D'	'D'
'B'	'C'
'B'	'D'
'B'	'B'
'D'	'B'
'A'	'D'
'B'	'D'
'D'	'D'
'A'	'B'
'A'	'B'
'B'	'B'
'A'	'A'
'A'	'B'
'A'	'B'
'D'	'C'
'D'	'D'
'A'	'A'
'D'	'C'
'D'	'B'
'D'	'C'
'B'	'B'
'A'	'A'
'A'	'B'
'C'	'A'
'B'	'B'
'D'	'B'
'A'	'B'
'B'	'B'
'C'	'C'
'C'	'D'
'B'	'A'
'C'	'C'
'A'	'B'
'D'	'B'
'D'	'C'
'B'	'A'
'B'	'D'
'D'	'B'
'B'	'A'
'B'	'B'
'B'	'A'
'B'	'D'
'A'	'A'
'D'	'D'
'A'	'B'
'C'	'D'
'B'	'A'
'A'	'B'
'B'	'D'
'A'	'D'
'B'	'B'
'C'	'D'
'A'	'C'
'C'	'B'
'B'	'A'
'C'	'A'
'A'	'B'
'A'	'B'
'B'	'B'
'B'	'B'
'A'	'D'
'D'	'B'
'A'	'B'
'A'	'B'
'D'	'B'
'C'	'C'
'C'	'A'
'A'	'A'
'B'	'A'
'C'	'B'
'C'	'C'
'C'	'D'
'A'	'B'
'D'	'B'
'A'	'B'
'D'	'A'
'D'	'D'
'B'	'B'
'B'	'D'
'B'	'B'
'B'	'C'
'B'	'B'
'B'	'A'
'B'	'B'
'D'	'B'
'D'	'A'
'D'	'A'
'B'	'D'
'D'	'D'
'C'	'D'
'A'	'A'
'A'	'C'
'A'	'A'
'A'	'D'
'B'	'D'
'D'	'C'
'C'	'C'
'A'	'B'
'B'	'A'
'C'	'C'
'B'	'D'
'B'	'C'

Summary of computational transaction
Raw Input	view raw input (R code)
Raw Output	view raw output of R engine
Computing time	2 seconds
R Server	'RServer@AstonUniversity' @ vre.aston.ac.uk

\begin{tabular}{lllllllll}
\hline
Summary of computational transaction \tabularnewline
Raw Input & view raw input (R code)  \tabularnewline
Raw Output & view raw output of R engine  \tabularnewline
Computing time & 2 seconds \tabularnewline
R Server & 'RServer@AstonUniversity' @ vre.aston.ac.uk \tabularnewline
\hline
\end{tabular}
%Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=94996&T=0

[TABLE]
[ROW][C]Summary of computational transaction[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]Raw Input[/C][C]view raw input (R code) [/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]Raw Output[/C][C]view raw output of R engine [/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]Computing time[/C][C]2 seconds[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]R Server[/C][C]'RServer@AstonUniversity' @ vre.aston.ac.uk[/C][/ROW]
[/TABLE]
Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=94996&T=0

Globally Unique Identifier (entire table): ba.freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=94996&T=0

As an alternative you can also use a QR Code:

The GUIDs for individual cells are displayed in the table below:

Summary of computational transaction
Raw Input	view raw input (R code)
Raw Output	view raw output of R engine
Computing time	2 seconds
R Server	'RServer@AstonUniversity' @ vre.aston.ac.uk

Tabulation of Results
Separate x Happiness
	A	B	C	D
A	13	23	2	6
B	12	17	3	14
C	10	8	9	11
D	8	12	5	9

\begin{tabular}{lllllllll}
\hline
Tabulation of Results \tabularnewline
Separate  x  Happiness \tabularnewline
  & A & B & C & D \tabularnewline
A & 13 & 23 & 2 & 6 \tabularnewline
B & 12 & 17 & 3 & 14 \tabularnewline
C & 10 & 8 & 9 & 11 \tabularnewline
D & 8 & 12 & 5 & 9 \tabularnewline
\hline
\end{tabular}
%Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=94996&T=1

[TABLE]
[ROW][C]Tabulation of Results[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]Separate  x  Happiness[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C] [/C][C]A[/C][C]B[/C][C]C[/C][C]D[/C][/ROW]
[C]A[/C][C]13[/C][C]23[/C][C]2[/C][C]6[/C][/ROW]
[C]B[/C][C]12[/C][C]17[/C][C]3[/C][C]14[/C][/ROW]
[C]C[/C][C]10[/C][C]8[/C][C]9[/C][C]11[/C][/ROW]
[C]D[/C][C]8[/C][C]12[/C][C]5[/C][C]9[/C][/ROW]
[/TABLE]
Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=94996&T=1

Globally Unique Identifier (entire table): ba.freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=94996&T=1

As an alternative you can also use a QR Code:

The GUIDs for individual cells are displayed in the table below:

Tabulation of Results
Separate x Happiness
	A	B	C	D
A	13	23	2	6
B	12	17	3	14
C	10	8	9	11
D	8	12	5	9

Tabulation of Expected Results
Separate x Happiness
	A	B	C	D
A	11.68	16.3	5.16	10.86
B	12.21	17.04	5.4	11.36
C	10.09	14.07	4.46	9.38
D	9.02	12.59	3.99	8.4

\begin{tabular}{lllllllll}
\hline
Tabulation of Expected Results \tabularnewline
Separate  x  Happiness \tabularnewline
  & A & B & C & D \tabularnewline
A & 11.68 & 16.3 & 5.16 & 10.86 \tabularnewline
B & 12.21 & 17.04 & 5.4 & 11.36 \tabularnewline
C & 10.09 & 14.07 & 4.46 & 9.38 \tabularnewline
D & 9.02 & 12.59 & 3.99 & 8.4 \tabularnewline
\hline
\end{tabular}
%Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=94996&T=2

[TABLE]
[ROW][C]Tabulation of Expected Results[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]Separate  x  Happiness[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C] [/C][C]A[/C][C]B[/C][C]C[/C][C]D[/C][/ROW]
[C]A[/C][C]11.68[/C][C]16.3[/C][C]5.16[/C][C]10.86[/C][/ROW]
[C]B[/C][C]12.21[/C][C]17.04[/C][C]5.4[/C][C]11.36[/C][/ROW]
[C]C[/C][C]10.09[/C][C]14.07[/C][C]4.46[/C][C]9.38[/C][/ROW]
[C]D[/C][C]9.02[/C][C]12.59[/C][C]3.99[/C][C]8.4[/C][/ROW]
[/TABLE]
Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=94996&T=2

Globally Unique Identifier (entire table): ba.freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=94996&T=2

As an alternative you can also use a QR Code:

The GUIDs for individual cells are displayed in the table below:

Tabulation of Expected Results
Separate x Happiness
	A	B	C	D
A	11.68	16.3	5.16	10.86
B	12.21	17.04	5.4	11.36
C	10.09	14.07	4.46	9.38
D	9.02	12.59	3.99	8.4

Statistical Results
Pearson's Chi-squared test
Chi Square Statistic	16.68
Degrees of Freedom	9
P value	0.05

\begin{tabular}{lllllllll}
\hline
Statistical Results \tabularnewline
Pearson's Chi-squared test \tabularnewline
Chi Square Statistic & 16.68 \tabularnewline
Degrees of Freedom & 9 \tabularnewline
P value & 0.05 \tabularnewline
\hline
\end{tabular}
%Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=94996&T=3

[TABLE]
[ROW][C]Statistical Results[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]Pearson's Chi-squared test[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]Chi Square Statistic[/C][C]16.68[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]Degrees of Freedom[/C][C]9[/C][/ROW]
[ROW][C]P value[/C][C]0.05[/C][/ROW]
[/TABLE]
Source: https://freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=94996&T=3

Globally Unique Identifier (entire table): ba.freestatistics.org/blog/index.php?pk=94996&T=3

As an alternative you can also use a QR Code:

The GUIDs for individual cells are displayed in the table below:

Statistical Results
Pearson's Chi-squared test
Chi Square Statistic	16.68
Degrees of Freedom	9
P value	0.05

Figure 1

PNG link

Postscript link

PDF link

Parameters (Session):

par1 = 1 ; par2 = 2 ; par3 = Pearson Chi-Squared ;

Parameters (R input):

par1 = 1 ; par2 = 2 ; par3 = Pearson Chi-Squared ;

R code (references can be found in the software module):

library(vcd)
cat1 <- as.numeric(par1) #
cat2<- as.numeric(par2) #
simulate.p.value=FALSE
if (par3 == 'Exact Pearson Chi-Squared by Simulation') simulate.p.value=TRUE
x <- t(x)
(z <- array(unlist(x),dim=c(length(x[,1]),length(x[1,]))))
(table1 <- table(z[,cat1],z[,cat2]))
(V1<-dimnames(y)[[1]][cat1])
(V2<-dimnames(y)[[1]][cat2])
bitmap(file='pic1.png')
assoc(ftable(z[,cat1],z[,cat2],row.vars=1,dnn=c(V1,V2)),shade=T)
dev.off()
load(file='createtable')
a<-table.start()
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,'Tabulation of Results',ncol(table1)+1,TRUE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,paste(V1,' x ', V2),ncol(table1)+1,TRUE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a, ' ', 1,TRUE)
for(nc in 1:ncol(table1)){
a<-table.element(a, colnames(table1)[nc], 1, TRUE)
}
a<-table.row.end(a)
for(nr in 1:nrow(table1) ){
a<-table.element(a, rownames(table1)[nr], 1, TRUE)
for(nc in 1:ncol(table1) ){
a<-table.element(a, table1[nr, nc], 1, FALSE)
}
a<-table.row.end(a)
}
a<-table.end(a)
table.save(a,file='mytable.tab')
(cst<-chisq.test(table1, simulate.p.value=simulate.p.value) )
if (par3 == 'McNemar Chi-Squared') {
(cst <- mcnemar.test(table1))
}
if (par3 != 'McNemar Chi-Squared') {
a<-table.start()
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,'Tabulation of Expected Results',ncol(table1)+1,TRUE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,paste(V1,' x ', V2),ncol(table1)+1,TRUE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a, ' ', 1,TRUE)
for(nc in 1:ncol(table1)){
a<-table.element(a, colnames(table1)[nc], 1, TRUE)
}
a<-table.row.end(a)
for(nr in 1:nrow(table1) ){
a<-table.element(a, rownames(table1)[nr], 1, TRUE)
for(nc in 1:ncol(table1) ){
a<-table.element(a, round(cst$expected[nr, nc], digits=2), 1, FALSE)
}
a<-table.row.end(a)
}
a<-table.end(a)
table.save(a,file='mytable1.tab')
}
a<-table.start()
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,'Statistical Results',2,TRUE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a, cst$method, 2,TRUE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a, 'Chi Square Statistic', 1, TRUE)
a<-table.element(a, round(cst$statistic, digits=2), 1,FALSE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
if(!simulate.p.value){
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a, 'Degrees of Freedom', 1, TRUE)
a<-table.element(a, cst$parameter, 1,FALSE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
}
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a, 'P value', 1, TRUE)
a<-table.element(a, round(cst$p.value, digits=2), 1,FALSE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.end(a)
table.save(a,file='mytable2.tab')

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Dataset

Tables (Output of Computation)

Figures (Output of Computation)

Input Parameters & R Code