Home » date » 2009 » Mar » 14 »

Centrummaten - Omzetcijfers Carrefour Burcht - Jeroen Van Eeckhoven

*Unverified author*
R Software Module: rwasp_centraltendency.wasp (opens new window with default values)
Title produced by software: Central Tendency
Date of computation: Sat, 14 Mar 2009 03:01:51 -0600
 
Cite this page as follows:
Statistical Computations at FreeStatistics.org, Office for Research Development and Education, URL http://www.freestatistics.org/blog/date/2009/Mar/14/t1237021412pr407h9ql3jr8l4.htm/, Retrieved Sat, 14 Mar 2009 10:03:32 +0100
 
BibTeX entries for LaTeX users:
@Manual{KEY,
    author = {{YOUR NAME}},
    publisher = {Office for Research Development and Education},
    title = {Statistical Computations at FreeStatistics.org, URL http://www.freestatistics.org/blog/date/2009/Mar/14/t1237021412pr407h9ql3jr8l4.htm/},
    year = {2009},
}
@Manual{R,
    title = {R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing},
    author = {{R Development Core Team}},
    organization = {R Foundation for Statistical Computing},
    address = {Vienna, Austria},
    year = {2009},
    note = {{ISBN} 3-900051-07-0},
    url = {http://www.R-project.org},
}
 
Original text written by user:
 
IsPrivate?
No (this computation is public)
 
User-defined keywords:
 
Dataseries X:
» Textbox « » Textfile « » CSV «
2291180 1971664 2193270 2197733 2345324 2195121 2170583 2241521 2154945 2912568 2392562 3336621 4080642 3735329 4018383 4171360 3855698 4101316 4199346 3959646 3960841 4784025 4105467 5929558 4048642 3828808 4268127 4171816 4004783 4295447 3968177 3918480 4040260 4530715 4103330 6025506 4632308 4133863 4519182 4151573 4486595 4504699 4180443 4222193 4373727 4734738 4403232 5903985 4414074 4061816 4504697 3994176 4114925 4485120 4171230 4476075 4179369 4823185 4585751 6110454 4279575 3782118 4098678 4065616 4413733 4481214 4345018 4294488 4361269 4535031 4318397 6040168
 
Output produced by software:


Summary of computational transaction
Raw Inputview raw input (R code)
Raw Outputview raw output of R engine
Computing time2 seconds
R Server'Herman Ole Andreas Wold' @ 193.190.124.10:1001


Central Tendency - Ungrouped Data
MeasureValueS.E.Value/S.E.
Arithmetic Mean4051270.95833333108498.05929279237.3395707235703
Geometric Mean3930351.89394091
Harmonic Mean3786576.75300653
Quadratic Mean4153142.93368607
Winsorized Mean ( 1 / 24 )4052840.33333333107580.60588999337.6725925626183
Winsorized Mean ( 2 / 24 )4052867.44444444107367.32958932937.7476785531160
Winsorized Mean ( 3 / 24 )4049814.90277778106118.07945377438.1632887027693
Winsorized Mean ( 4 / 24 )4048497.01388889105739.92094174938.2873088785375
Winsorized Mean ( 5 / 24 )3973622.8472222291170.691412156643.5844325152544
Winsorized Mean ( 6 / 24 )3974008.5138888989752.469915423644.2774278817476
Winsorized Mean ( 7 / 24 )3974044.6805555687847.917843073545.2377788583966
Winsorized Mean ( 8 / 24 )3968679.5694444484904.639001819446.7427883340909
Winsorized Mean ( 9 / 24 )3968764.6944444482690.611999607247.9953479418353
Winsorized Mean ( 10 / 24 )4033943.3055555663109.095489256463.9201572179447
Winsorized Mean ( 11 / 24 )4098069.7916666747497.918941159786.2789335411378
Winsorized Mean ( 12 / 24 )4162598.9583333333498.1057768511124.263711687540
Winsorized Mean ( 13 / 24 )4168431.9861111131619.6091993806131.830597899760
Winsorized Mean ( 14 / 24 )4177510.2083333330096.6970956754138.802945554235
Winsorized Mean ( 15 / 24 )4179341.0416666728619.2648361743146.032438834140
Winsorized Mean ( 16 / 24 )4192964.8194444426434.1162467558158.619443914984
Winsorized Mean ( 17 / 24 )4201762.3194444424912.1666289821168.663062591924
Winsorized Mean ( 18 / 24 )4200776.3194444424668.7950296070170.28704946483
Winsorized Mean ( 19 / 24 )4186350.8333333321912.1271101059191.051777506465
Winsorized Mean ( 20 / 24 )4193478.0555555620906.4354840659200.583119908302
Winsorized Mean ( 21 / 24 )4193508.9722222220040.5341628624209.251357181553
Winsorized Mean ( 22 / 24 )4188649.1111111118179.1272379192230.409802202944
Winsorized Mean ( 23 / 24 )4191657.9583333316701.4584094362250.975564862352
Winsorized Mean ( 24 / 24 )4189034.9583333315576.0929363857268.940033642696
Trimmed Mean ( 1 / 24 )4051562.72857143103372.31281669239.1938868172175
Trimmed Mean ( 2 / 24 )4050209.9705882498340.877871368441.1854160574607
Trimmed Mean ( 3 / 24 )4048760.4393939492398.521829002643.8184546597702
Trimmed Mean ( 4 / 24 )4048365.01562585747.13119005347.2128333559296
Trimmed Mean ( 5 / 24 )4048326.6935483977588.804286865852.1766861953521
Trimmed Mean ( 6 / 24 )4066255.6166666772726.047556489455.9119566274826
Trimmed Mean ( 7 / 24 )4085341.2241379367037.744519596460.9409110257835
Trimmed Mean ( 8 / 24 )4105783.4464285760284.034098724568.107310796499
Trimmed Mean ( 9 / 24 )4128634.0925925952166.834801125379.1428904654098
Trimmed Mean ( 10 / 24 )4153229.3846153841348.9876849969100.443314749453
Trimmed Mean ( 11 / 24 )4170406.5834013.5705482876122.610079235270
Trimmed Mean ( 12 / 24 )4180270.687529810.0541430367140.230227943966
Trimmed Mean ( 13 / 24 )4182575.6956521728587.453246818146.308090459850
Trimmed Mean ( 14 / 24 )4184356.0227272727467.2848845043152.339630229993
Trimmed Mean ( 15 / 24 )4185194.2857142926380.1437740662158.649411525523
Trimmed Mean ( 16 / 24 )4185896.67525304.9416502701165.418151634241
Trimmed Mean ( 17 / 24 )4185059.6578947424411.3866640343171.438833667760
Trimmed Mean ( 18 / 24 )4183094.6388888923556.751718032177.575189014148
Trimmed Mean ( 19 / 24 )4181014.4411764722416.7820803154186.512695095872
Trimmed Mean ( 20 / 24 )4180382.521631.7531833712193.252135625029
Trimmed Mean ( 21 / 24 )4178811.0333333320761.0898796743201.280908543462
Trimmed Mean ( 22 / 24 )4177011.2857142919728.6037364826211.723614174989
Trimmed Mean ( 23 / 24 )4175546.3846153818824.4056514268221.815576116153
Trimmed Mean ( 24 / 24 )4173444.87517928.5808044182232.781664122100
Median4171295
Midrange4041059
Midmean - Weighted Average at Xnp4177055.48648649
Midmean - Weighted Average at X(n+1)p4183094.63888889
Midmean - Empirical Distribution Function4177055.48648649
Midmean - Empirical Distribution Function - Averaging4183094.63888889
Midmean - Empirical Distribution Function - Interpolation4183094.63888889
Midmean - Closest Observation4177055.48648649
Midmean - True Basic - Statistics Graphics Toolkit4183094.63888889
Midmean - MS Excel (old versions)4185059.65789474
Number of observations72
 
Charts produced by software:
http://127.0.0.1/wessadotnet/public_html/freestatisticsdotorg/blog/date/2009/Mar/14/t1237021412pr407h9ql3jr8l4/1wo7s1237021305.png (open in new window)
http://127.0.0.1/wessadotnet/public_html/freestatisticsdotorg/blog/date/2009/Mar/14/t1237021412pr407h9ql3jr8l4/1wo7s1237021305.ps (open in new window)


http://127.0.0.1/wessadotnet/public_html/freestatisticsdotorg/blog/date/2009/Mar/14/t1237021412pr407h9ql3jr8l4/2ogp51237021305.png (open in new window)
http://127.0.0.1/wessadotnet/public_html/freestatisticsdotorg/blog/date/2009/Mar/14/t1237021412pr407h9ql3jr8l4/2ogp51237021305.ps (open in new window)


 
Parameters (Session):
 
Parameters (R input):
 
R code (references can be found in the software module):
geomean <- function(x) {
return(exp(mean(log(x))))
}
harmean <- function(x) {
return(1/mean(1/x))
}
quamean <- function(x) {
return(sqrt(mean(x*x)))
}
winmean <- function(x) {
x <-sort(x[!is.na(x)])
n<-length(x)
denom <- 3
nodenom <- n/denom
if (nodenom>40) denom <- n/40
sqrtn = sqrt(n)
roundnodenom = floor(nodenom)
win <- array(NA,dim=c(roundnodenom,2))
for (j in 1:roundnodenom) {
win[j,1] <- (j*x[j+1]+sum(x[(j+1):(n-j)])+j*x[n-j])/n
win[j,2] <- sd(c(rep(x[j+1],j),x[(j+1):(n-j)],rep(x[n-j],j)))/sqrtn
}
return(win)
}
trimean <- function(x) {
x <-sort(x[!is.na(x)])
n<-length(x)
denom <- 3
nodenom <- n/denom
if (nodenom>40) denom <- n/40
sqrtn = sqrt(n)
roundnodenom = floor(nodenom)
tri <- array(NA,dim=c(roundnodenom,2))
for (j in 1:roundnodenom) {
tri[j,1] <- mean(x,trim=j/n)
tri[j,2] <- sd(x[(j+1):(n-j)]) / sqrt(n-j*2)
}
return(tri)
}
midrange <- function(x) {
return((max(x)+min(x))/2)
}
q1 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) {
np <- n*p;
i <<- floor(np)
f <<- np - i
qvalue <- (1-f)*data[i] + f*data[i+1]
}
q2 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) {
np <- (n+1)*p
i <<- floor(np)
f <<- np - i
qvalue <- (1-f)*data[i] + f*data[i+1]
}
q3 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) {
np <- n*p
i <<- floor(np)
f <<- np - i
if (f==0) {
qvalue <- data[i]
} else {
qvalue <- data[i+1]
}
}
q4 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) {
np <- n*p
i <<- floor(np)
f <<- np - i
if (f==0) {
qvalue <- (data[i]+data[i+1])/2
} else {
qvalue <- data[i+1]
}
}
q5 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) {
np <- (n-1)*p
i <<- floor(np)
f <<- np - i
if (f==0) {
qvalue <- data[i+1]
} else {
qvalue <- data[i+1] + f*(data[i+2]-data[i+1])
}
}
q6 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) {
np <- n*p+0.5
i <<- floor(np)
f <<- np - i
qvalue <- data[i]
}
q7 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) {
np <- (n+1)*p
i <<- floor(np)
f <<- np - i
if (f==0) {
qvalue <- data[i]
} else {
qvalue <- f*data[i] + (1-f)*data[i+1]
}
}
q8 <- function(data,n,p,i,f) {
np <- (n+1)*p
i <<- floor(np)
f <<- np - i
if (f==0) {
qvalue <- data[i]
} else {
if (f == 0.5) {
qvalue <- (data[i]+data[i+1])/2
} else {
if (f < 0.5) {
qvalue <- data[i]
} else {
qvalue <- data[i+1]
}
}
}
}
midmean <- function(x,def) {
x <-sort(x[!is.na(x)])
n<-length(x)
if (def==1) {
qvalue1 <- q1(x,n,0.25,i,f)
qvalue3 <- q1(x,n,0.75,i,f)
}
if (def==2) {
qvalue1 <- q2(x,n,0.25,i,f)
qvalue3 <- q2(x,n,0.75,i,f)
}
if (def==3) {
qvalue1 <- q3(x,n,0.25,i,f)
qvalue3 <- q3(x,n,0.75,i,f)
}
if (def==4) {
qvalue1 <- q4(x,n,0.25,i,f)
qvalue3 <- q4(x,n,0.75,i,f)
}
if (def==5) {
qvalue1 <- q5(x,n,0.25,i,f)
qvalue3 <- q5(x,n,0.75,i,f)
}
if (def==6) {
qvalue1 <- q6(x,n,0.25,i,f)
qvalue3 <- q6(x,n,0.75,i,f)
}
if (def==7) {
qvalue1 <- q7(x,n,0.25,i,f)
qvalue3 <- q7(x,n,0.75,i,f)
}
if (def==8) {
qvalue1 <- q8(x,n,0.25,i,f)
qvalue3 <- q8(x,n,0.75,i,f)
}
midm <- 0
myn <- 0
roundno4 <- round(n/4)
round3no4 <- round(3*n/4)
for (i in 1:n) {
if ((x[i]>=qvalue1) & (x[i]<=qvalue3)){
midm = midm + x[i]
myn = myn + 1
}
}
midm = midm / myn
return(midm)
}
(arm <- mean(x))
sqrtn <- sqrt(length(x))
(armse <- sd(x) / sqrtn)
(armose <- arm / armse)
(geo <- geomean(x))
(har <- harmean(x))
(qua <- quamean(x))
(win <- winmean(x))
(tri <- trimean(x))
(midr <- midrange(x))
midm <- array(NA,dim=8)
for (j in 1:8) midm[j] <- midmean(x,j)
midm
bitmap(file='test1.png')
lb <- win[,1] - 2*win[,2]
ub <- win[,1] + 2*win[,2]
if ((ylimmin == '') | (ylimmax == '')) plot(win[,1],type='b',main=main, xlab='j', pch=19, ylab='Winsorized Mean(j/n)', ylim=c(min(lb),max(ub))) else plot(win[,1],type='l',main=main, xlab='j', pch=19, ylab='Winsorized Mean(j/n)', ylim=c(ylimmin,ylimmax))
lines(ub,lty=3)
lines(lb,lty=3)
grid()
dev.off()
bitmap(file='test2.png')
lb <- tri[,1] - 2*tri[,2]
ub <- tri[,1] + 2*tri[,2]
if ((ylimmin == '') | (ylimmax == '')) plot(tri[,1],type='b',main=main, xlab='j', pch=19, ylab='Trimmed Mean(j/n)', ylim=c(min(lb),max(ub))) else plot(tri[,1],type='l',main=main, xlab='j', pch=19, ylab='Trimmed Mean(j/n)', ylim=c(ylimmin,ylimmax))
lines(ub,lty=3)
lines(lb,lty=3)
grid()
dev.off()
load(file='createtable')
a<-table.start()
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,'Central Tendency - Ungrouped Data',4,TRUE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,'Measure',header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,'Value',header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,'S.E.',header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,'Value/S.E.',header=TRUE)
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/arithmetic_mean.htm', 'Arithmetic Mean', 'click to view the definition of the Arithmetic Mean'),header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,arm)
a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/arithmetic_mean_standard_error.htm', armse, 'click to view the definition of the Standard Error of the Arithmetic Mean'))
a<-table.element(a,armose)
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/geometric_mean.htm', 'Geometric Mean', 'click to view the definition of the Geometric Mean'),header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,geo)
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/harmonic_mean.htm', 'Harmonic Mean', 'click to view the definition of the Harmonic Mean'),header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,har)
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/quadratic_mean.htm', 'Quadratic Mean', 'click to view the definition of the Quadratic Mean'),header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,qua)
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
for (j in 1:length(win[,1])) {
a<-table.row.start(a)
mylabel <- paste('Winsorized Mean (',j)
mylabel <- paste(mylabel,'/')
mylabel <- paste(mylabel,length(win[,1]))
mylabel <- paste(mylabel,')')
a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/winsorized_mean.htm', mylabel, 'click to view the definition of the Winsorized Mean'),header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,win[j,1])
a<-table.element(a,win[j,2])
a<-table.element(a,win[j,1]/win[j,2])
a<-table.row.end(a)
}
for (j in 1:length(tri[,1])) {
a<-table.row.start(a)
mylabel <- paste('Trimmed Mean (',j)
mylabel <- paste(mylabel,'/')
mylabel <- paste(mylabel,length(tri[,1]))
mylabel <- paste(mylabel,')')
a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/arithmetic_mean.htm', mylabel, 'click to view the definition of the Trimmed Mean'),header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,tri[j,1])
a<-table.element(a,tri[j,2])
a<-table.element(a,tri[j,1]/tri[j,2])
a<-table.row.end(a)
}
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/median_1.htm', 'Median', 'click to view the definition of the Median'),header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,median(x))
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midrange.htm', 'Midrange', 'click to view the definition of the Midrange'),header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,midr)
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean')
mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_1.htm','Weighted Average at Xnp',''),sep=' - ')
a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,midm[1])
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean')
mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_2.htm','Weighted Average at X(n+1)p',''),sep=' - ')
a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,midm[2])
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean')
mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_3.htm','Empirical Distribution Function',''),sep=' - ')
a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,midm[3])
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean')
mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_4.htm','Empirical Distribution Function - Averaging',''),sep=' - ')
a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,midm[4])
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean')
mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_5.htm','Empirical Distribution Function - Interpolation',''),sep=' - ')
a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,midm[5])
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean')
mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_6.htm','Closest Observation',''),sep=' - ')
a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,midm[6])
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean')
mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_7.htm','True Basic - Statistics Graphics Toolkit',''),sep=' - ')
a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,midm[7])
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
mymid <- hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/midmean.htm', 'Midmean', 'click to view the definition of the Midmean')
mylabel <- paste(mymid,hyperlink('http://www.xycoon.com/method_8.htm','MS Excel (old versions)',''),sep=' - ')
a<-table.element(a,mylabel,header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,midm[8])
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.row.start(a)
a<-table.element(a,'Number of observations',header=TRUE)
a<-table.element(a,length(x))
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.element(a,'')
a<-table.row.end(a)
a<-table.end(a)
table.save(a,file='mytable.tab')
 





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Information provided on this web site is provided "AS IS" without warranty of any kind, either express or implied, including, without limitation, warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, and noninfringement. We use reasonable efforts to include accurate and timely information and periodically update the information, and software without notice. However, we make no warranties or representations as to the accuracy or completeness of such information (or software), and we assume no liability or responsibility for errors or omissions in the content of this web site, or any software bugs in online applications. Your use of this web site is AT YOUR OWN RISK. Under no circumstances and under no legal theory shall we be liable to you or any other person for any direct, indirect, special, incidental, exemplary, or consequential damages arising from your access to, or use of, this web site.


Privacy Policy

We may request personal information to be submitted to our servers in order to be able to:

  • personalize online software applications according to your needs
  • enforce strict security rules with respect to the data that you upload (e.g. statistical data)
  • manage user sessions of online applications
  • alert you about important changes or upgrades in resources or applications

We NEVER allow other companies to directly offer registered users information about their products and services. Banner references and hyperlinks of third parties NEVER contain any personal data of the visitor.

We do NOT sell, nor transmit by any means, personal information, nor statistical data series uploaded by you to third parties.

We carefully protect your data from loss, misuse, alteration, and destruction. However, at any time, and under any circumstance you are solely responsible for managing your passwords, and keeping them secret.

We store a unique ANONYMOUS USER ID in the form of a small 'Cookie' on your computer. This allows us to track your progress when using this website which is necessary to create state-dependent features. The cookie is used for NO OTHER PURPOSE. At any time you may opt to disallow cookies from this website - this will not affect other features of this website.

We examine cookies that are used by third-parties (banner and online ads) very closely: abuse from third-parties automatically results in termination of the advertising contract without refund. We have very good reason to believe that the cookies that are produced by third parties (banner ads) do NOT cause any privacy or security risk.

FreeStatistics.org is safe. There is no need to download any software to use the applications and services contained in this website. Hence, your system's security is not compromised by their use, and your personal data - other than data you submit in the account application form, and the user-agent information that is transmitted by your browser - is never transmitted to our servers.

As a general rule, we do not log on-line behavior of individuals (other than normal logging of webserver 'hits'). However, in cases of abuse, hacking, unauthorized access, Denial of Service attacks, illegal copying, hotlinking, non-compliance with international webstandards (such as robots.txt), or any other harmful behavior, our system engineers are empowered to log, track, identify, publish, and ban misbehaving individuals - even if this leads to ban entire blocks of IP addresses, or disclosing user's identity.


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